Category: Ideas

Category: Ideas

Around & About in Bialystok

Around & About in Bialystok

Around & about – updated 16 January 2023.

Bialowieza National Park

There’s not a lot to see and do in Bialystok, it will only take a couple of days to see all the attractions on our Top 10 list; however, if you’re in the city and therefore in Podlasie, we highly recommend that you take a day trip to Bialowieza National Park. It is located around 95km away but will only take you 1½ hours in a car.

Bialowieza National Park is well-known for two reasons. Firstly, it is home to Europe’s largest land mammal, the European bison and secondly, the park shelters a sizeable chunk of original lowland primeval forest; which has remained undisturbed for hundreds of years. The forest has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve.

The park is called the “last untouched wilderness of Europe” and has an inner zone consisting of old-growth forest which has been living without much human intervention for over 800 years.

Alternative parks

If the trip to Bialowieza National Park is too far away, then don’t worry, there are another two National Parks that are much closer to Białystok.

Narew and Biebrza National Parks are around 36km away and they both have a lot to offer. There are also three Landscape Parks, 88 nature reserves and 15 protected landscape areas within the region.

Biebrza National Park

Biebrza National Park

Biebrza National Park is a protected area in northeastern Poland, located in the Masurian Voivodeship. It is known for its diverse wildlife, including large populations of European bison, elk, and beaver, as well as many bird species such as the black stork, crane, and white-tailed eagle. The park is also home to several rare and protected plant species. The park covers an area of about 58,000 hectares and is divided into two parts: the Biebrza Marsh and the Rospuda Valley. It is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and bird watchers.

Narew National Park

Narew National Park is a protected area located in northeastern Poland, in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The park is situated along the Narew River, which is known for its unique, meandering course and the diverse range of habitats it creates, such as riverine forests, meadows, and marshes. The park covers an area of around 34,000 hectares and is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including many species of birds, such as the white-tailed eagle and the black stork, as well as mammals like the European bison, elk and beaver. The park is also home to several rare and protected plant species. The park is popular destination for nature enthusiasts, bird watchers and kayakers. The park offers a good opportunity to explore the natural beauty of the region, and also has a few hiking trails that can be taken to explore the park.

Podlaskie Museum of Folk Culture

The Podlaskie Museum of Folk Culture is not far from Białystok and features a great collection of the local folk art and typical examples of peasant houses and farm buildings characteristic of the region. The museum is located at the northern borders of Białystok, in the settlement of Wasilków, on the road to Augustów.

This outdoor museum has forty buildings and other cultural artefacts gathered from around the region. There are also two windmills, a cave-house, a Belarusian cottage, a forge and a lumberjack’s hut.

Wooden manor house

Among the collection is a relocated Neoclassical wooden manor house from the 1810s with a whole hamlet with five homesteads surrounding a central square. These homes are furnished with traditional furniture and pottery.

Eating & Drinking in Białystok

Due to the Covid-19 epidemic, this section of the website is under review. With restaurants and bars closed for such a long time and with many establishments facing uncertain futures, we do not have sufficient information about eating and drinking establishments in Białystok to share with our website visitors. We will update this part of our website once the pandemic is over and bars and restaurants are open again.

Top 10 things to do in Bialystok

What to see, what to do

Top 10 things to do – updated 15 January 2023.

There’s a lot to see and do in the city and surrounding area. Here’s our list of the Top 10 things to do in Bialystok. Click on the links for further information or to book a tour & buy ticket.

1. Branicki Palace

Built for a man who wanted to be the King of Poland, the Branicki Palace and gardens is a good way to kill a few hours whilst you are in Bialystok. It’s a beautiful palace with impressive gardens, complete with pavilions, sculptures and outbuildings. The gardens are free and are open all year. It is possible to see the interior of the palace, some parts can be accessed for free, other areas require that you purchase a ticket. The palace contains the Museum of the History of Medicine.

Bialystok is part of an area known as the ‘Green Lungs of Poland’ for the quality of its air, and this sprawling, ‘Planty Park’ that occupies over 35 acres near Branicki Palace is the perfect place to enjoy it.

Further information.

2. Girl with a Water Can Mural

Top 10 things to do in Białystok

Painted on the side of the four-storey high building at al Józefa Piłsudskiego 11/4 is a mural of a little girl appearing to water an actual tree and this has become a Bialystok icon. The official name for the art is The Legend of Giants, it was pained by Natalia Rak in 2013.

Further information.

3. The History Museum

There are a number of good museums in the city such as The History Museum, which showcases the history of Bialystok and Podlasie. A light show featuring a large model of Bialystok in its late 18th-century heyday is the highlight of this museum, which is an annex of the Podlasie Museum, which can be found at the Town Hall.

Further information.

4. Cytron Synagogue

Before World War II, Bialystok had 60 synagogues serving a population of over 40,000 Jews, or about half of the city’s population. Only three synagogue buildings survived the war, one of which was the Cytron Synagogue where the few hundred Bialystok Jews who survived the Holocaust worshipped after the war. Today it is a branch of the Podlasie Museum and is used as an art gallery and for special exhibitions.

Further information.

5. Rynek Kościuszki

The main market square and focal point of the city, the Rynek has been rebuilt several times and has an unusual trapezoidal shape. The square houses the Town Hall, which is home to the Podlasie Museum.

6. Ludwik Zamenhof Centre

A cultural institution founded to celebrate the organisation of the 94th World Congress of Esperanto that was held from 25 July to 1 August 2009 in Bialystok. The Zamenhof Centre offers the visitors a permanent exhibition, ‘Bialystok of Young Zamenhof’ and various temporary exhibitions, concerts, film projections, and theatre performances.

Further information.

7. Bialystok Cathedral

Białystok Cathedral

Dating from 1905, the grand neo-Gothic brick Roman Catholic cathedral in Bialystok is attached to a late-Renaissance parish church dating from 1627 and an 18th-century baroque presbytery. The actual name for the cathedral is The Metropolitan Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Further information.

8. Museum of the History of Medicine & Pharmacy

Housed within the Branicki Palace, this museum features historical medical exhibits.

Further information.

9. Orthodox Church of the Holy Spirit

The largest Orthodox church in Poland, which is topped with a cross weighing an impressive 1500kg. The large cross represents Christ, while 12 smaller crosses around it represent the apostles.

Further information.

10. St Nicholas’ Orthodox Church

A Byzantine style church built in 1846 with a central cupola.

Further information.

FAQ

Q: What is the population of Białystok?
A: As of 2021, the population of Białystok is approximately 297,000 people.

Q: What is the currency used in Białystok?
A: The official currency in Białystok and all of Poland is the Polish złoty (PLN).

Q: What is the best time to visit Białystok?
A: The best time to visit Białystok depends on your preference. Summer months from June to August are generally considered to be the best time to visit, as the weather is warm and pleasant and there are many outdoor activities and festivals to enjoy.

Q: What is the weather like in Białystok?
A: Białystok has a temperate continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. The average temperature in the summer is around 21°C (70°F) and in winter is around -3°C (27°F).

Q: What is the official language in Białystok?
A: The official language in Białystok and all of Poland is Polish.

Q: What is the main mode of transportation in Białystok?
A: The main mode of transportation in Białystok is by bus and tram, but also have a railway station connecting the city with other cities in Poland. Taxis are widely available and relatively inexpensive, and there are also several bike rental companies in the city.

Q: How do I get to Białystok from the airport?
A: The Białystok-Sokółka Airport (BZG) is located about 25km from the city center. From the airport, you can take a taxi or a shuttle bus to the city center. There is also a train service that connects the airport to the main railway station in Białystok.

Q: Are there any good places to eat in Białystok?
A: Białystok offers a wide variety of dining options, from traditional Polish cuisine to international cuisine. Some popular restaurants in the city include Karczma Bida Pod Lipami, Karczma Zielona, and Restauracja Pod Arkadami.

Wooden Churches of Southern Malopolska

Wooden churches

Wooden churches – updated 10 January 2023.

The Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list are located in: Binarowa (ca 1500), Blizne (mid-15th century.), Dębno (1335), Haczów (14th/15th century), Lipnica Murowana (end of 15th century) and Sękowa (1520). They were built using the horizontal log technique and represent outstanding examples of the different aspects of medieval church-building traditions in Roman Catholic culture.

Wooden churches - All Saints Church, Blizne

These old wooden Gothic churches were all located within the historic region of Małopolska in southern and south-eastern Poland and were sponsored by families of nobility as symbols of their prestige.

Horizontal Log Technique

The horizontal log technique was commonplace in Northern and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages. The wooden church style of the region was Gothic ornament and painted detail and was very different to the style of stone and brick buildings at the time due to the timber construction, structure and form of the churches.

The form of the churches was influenced by the Greco-Catholic and Orthodox presence in the region. They had an extensive spatial structure initially consisting of a rectangular nave and a narrower chancel to the east, usually terminating in a three-sided apse. Chambered towers of post-and-beam construction were added at the west end later on.

Advanced joinery

The standard of joinery was of the highest quality and the use of advanced joinery solutions allowed for a system of roof trusses binding the log structures of the nave and chancel resulting in tall, shingled roofs.

The Wooden Churches of Southern Małopolska all exhibit diverse techniques and styles of workmanship, rich iconography, outstanding artistic quality and boast valuable décors and fittings.

The oldest church is the 15th century church in Haczów, made of fir-wood and covered with shingles.

The church at Binarowa boasts a very precious wall painting depicting scenes from the New Testament and a carved wood figure of Madonna from the 14th century.

The majority of the wooden churches are located in picturesque mountain valleys and the six trails on the Route of Timber Architecture in the Małopolska region are over 1500km long. They feature 232 timber constructions including 123 Roman Catholic churches, 39 Orthodox churches, 25 rural and small-town complexes, and 27 rural architecture museums that comprise 9 skansens and 14 country manors.

FAQ

Q: What are the Wooden Churches of Southern Malopolska?

A: The Wooden Churches are a group of 15 medieval churches that are located in the southern part of the Malopolska region of Poland. They are characterized by their unique wooden architecture and are considered to be some of the most valuable examples of medieval wooden church architecture in Europe. These churches were built by local communities in the 16th and 17th century, and are notable for their intricate and ornate design, as well as for their historical and cultural significance.

Q: What are the characteristics of these Wooden Churches?

A: These churches are characterized by their wooden structure and the ornate decorations on their exteriors and interiors. Many of them have tall spires, multiple towers, and richly decorated facades. They are usually painted in bright colors and adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, depicting scenes from the Bible or local folklore. The interiors are usually decorated with biblical scenes and religious motifs, often painted in a vivid colors. The technical characteristics of these churches also make them interesting, many of them were built using the technique of log construction, but others were built using wooden frame construction, and they offer a great example of how these ancient techniques were used.

Q: How can I visit the Wooden Churches of Southern Malopolska?

A: The churches are open to visitors and can be visited during the daytime. The opening hours of the churches vary, so it is best to check the information on the official website or contact the church directly for more information. Some of the churches are located in remote areas and are difficult to reach by public transportation, so it is recommended to have your own means of transportation, or to consider joining a guided tour.

Q: Are there any guided tours available?

A: Yes, there are several tour companies that offer guided tours of the Wooden Churches of Southern Malopolska. These tours typically include visits to several of the churches, and provide visitors with an in-depth look at the history, architecture and cultural significance of the churches. Some tours also include other nearby attractions, such as castles and historical towns, which can give visitors a more comprehensive understanding of the region’s culture and history.

Q: Are there any other nearby attractions?

A: Yes, there are several other notable attractions in the southern Malopolska region, including:

  • The Castle of Sandomierz, which is a medieval castle that is located in the town of Sandomierz.
  • The Sanctuary of Divine Mercy, which is a modern pilgrimage site that is located in the town of Krakow-Lagiewniki.
  • The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, which is a beautiful baroque pilgrimage site that is located in the town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
  • The Eagle Nests Trail, a beautiful hiking trail that runs through the region, passing by several castles and offering panoramic views of the countryside
  • The Salt Mine in Wieliczka, one of the most visited site in the region, a unique subterranean complex with a rich history dating back to the Middle Ages.

Wooden Churches Tour

Wooden Churches of Southern Malopolska

What to expect from this tour

Highlights

  • Discover 4 UNESCO-listed wooden churches on a guided tour
  • Learn about the historical and cultural significance of these Gothic churches
  • Drive through villages of Lesser Poland and take in the Polish landscape

Description

Learn about the gems of Polish wooden architecture outside of Kraków. Visit several villages to see the collection of Gothic wooden churches designated UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Your guide/driver will pick you up at 8:00 AM from your accommodation in Kraków. The first town you will visit is Lipnica Murowana to see St. Leonard’s Church, which was built at the end of 15th century. This is 1 of 6 churches designated a UNESCO Wooden Church of Southern Lesser Poland.

Continue on to see 2 more churches on this UNESCO list, starting with St. Michael Archangel’s Church in Binarowa. This church, completed in 1500, features one of the most valuable appearances of late Gothic architecture in Poland. The third stop on the route is the village of Sękowa. See another example of Gothic wooden architecture at Saints Philip and James Church, built around 1520. This church is often named the “Pearl of Beskid Niski” due to its unique architecture.

Finally, head to Owczary, the last stop on the tour, where the Orthodox Protection of Our Most Holy Lady Church is located. Erected in the middle of the 17th century, this is one of the oldest Lemko churches and is listed on another UNESCO list: Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine. After touring these 4 remarkable, historical churches, return to Kraków where you will be dropped off at your accommodation.

Includes

  • Entrance fees
  • Driver/Guide
  • Pickup and drop-off
  • Transport by air-conditioned minibus

Wooden Tserkvas Of The Carpathian Region

Wooden Tserkvas

Wooden Tserkvas – updated 09 January 2023.

The tserkvas Of The Carpathian Region were built between the 16th and 19th centuries by communities of Orthodox and Greek Catholic faiths. Sixteen tserkvas (churches) are listed by UNESCO of which eight are located in Poland and eight are located in Ukraine.

Wooden Tserkvas - St Michael the Archangel in Smolnik

Complex structures

The tserkvas were built of horizontal logs and were complex structures constructed using distinct building traditions rooted in Orthodox ecclesiastic design interwoven with elements of local tradition. The wooden tserkvas were built on a tri-partite plan surmounted by open quadrilateral or octagonal domes and cupolas with wooden bell towers on the outside and iconostases and polychrome decorations in the inside.

Outside, they had churchyards, gatehouses and graveyards bounded by perimeter walls or fences and gates, often surrounded by trees.

Carpentry skills

Exceptional carpentry skills were required to construct the tserkvas particularly for the complex corner jointing that was required. The tserkvas were raised on wooden sills placed on stone foundations, with wooden shingles covering roofs and walls.

Wooden Tserkvas - St Michael the Archangel in Turzańsk

Poland

The tserkvas in Poland are the Tserkva of St Parascheva in Radruż, the Tserkva of the Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Chotyniec, the Tserkva of St Michael the Archangel in Smolnik, the Tserkva of St Michael the Archangel in Turzańsk (Podkarpackie Voivodeship), the Tserkva of St James the Less in Powroźnik, the Tserkva of the Virgin Mary’s Care in Owczary, the Tserkva of St Parascheva in Kwiatoń and the Tserkva of St Michael the Archangel in Brunary Wyżne (Małpolskie Voivodeship).

The 16 churches can be divided into four groups of different ethnographic architectural traditions.

The Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine were included on the World Heritage List in 2013 during the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee in Phnom Penh (dec. 37 COM 8B.37).

Buildings are available to visitors. The tserkvas in Radruz, Rohatyn and Drohobych are currently used as museums.

FAQ

Here are some frequently asked questions about the wooden tserkvas (churches) of the Carpathian region:

Where are the tserkvas of the Carpathian region located?
The tserkvas are located in the Carpathian Mountains of Eastern Europe. They can be found in countries such as Poland, Ukraine, and Slovakia.

What is the history of the tserkvas?
The tserkvas have a long history dating back to the medieval period. They were built by the Eastern Orthodox and Greek Catholic communities of the region, and they were an important cultural and spiritual center for these communities. Many of the tserkvas are now recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to their architectural and historical significance.

Are the tserkvas of the Carpathian region open to the public?
Yes, many of the tserkvas are open to the public. Some are still used as places of worship, while others have been converted into museums or cultural centers.

Is there a cost to visit the wooden tserkvas?
There may be a fee to visit some of the tserkvas. The cost of admission varies depending on the specific tserkva and the type of tour or visit you choose.

Are there guided tours of the wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region?
Yes, guided tours of the wooden tserkvas are available for visitors. The tours are typically offered in the local language, but English-language tours may also be available upon request.

Are the wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region wheelchair accessible?
The accessibility of the tserkvas can vary. Some of the tserkvas may have stairs or other barriers that make them difficult to access for people with mobility impairments. It is recommended to contact the specific tserkva you plan to visit in advance to inquire about accessibility details.

Old City of Zamosc

Zamosc Old City

Old City of Zamosc – updated 10 January 2023.

The Old City is the oldest historic district of the city of Zamość and is unique in Poland as an almost perfectly preserved example of 16th-century Renaissance town planning. It was made a Unesco World Heritage site in 1992. The district was named one of Poland’s official national Historic Monuments, as designated 16th September 1994 and its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Old City Zamosc

Ideal City

The Old City of Zamosc was founded in the 16th century by a wealthy Polish nobleman, Jan Zamoyski (1542−1605), and was modelled on Italian theories of the ‘ideal city’. Jan hired a Paduan architect by the name of Bernando Morando to realise his dream.

The layout of the town was supposedly designed to resemble the human body with the palace as its head, Grodzka Street as the spine and side streets, such as Solna or Moranda acting as the arms.

Old City Zamosc

International Trading centre

The city was located on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea and was an important multinational trading centre known for its high level of religious tolerance.

It has retained its original rectilinear street layout and fortifications and a large number of buildings that combine Italian and central European architectural traditions.

Old City Zamosc

Pearl of the Renaissance

The city of Zamość is often referred to as the ‘Pearl of the Renaissance’ and the ‘Padua of the North’ and has two distinct sections. To the east is the town, which is laid out around three market squares (the Grand Market Square, the Salt Market Square and the Water Market Square) and to the west is the Zamoyski palace.

The central Grand Market Square is located at the junction of the town’s two main axial streets. Here you will find the magnificent Town Hall, arcaded galleries, restaurants, and old merchants’ houses.

Notable buildings in the Old City of Zamosc include Zamość City Hall, Zamość Cathedral, Zamość Synagogue, Zamojski Academy, and the Zamojski Palace.

The Old Town is surrounded by the remains of the Zamość Fortress.

FAQ

Q: What is the Old City of Zamosc?

A: The Old City is a historic district located in the town of Zamosc, in southeast Poland. It is a well-preserved example of Renaissance urban planning, with a complex system of fortifications and a unique collection of public and private buildings. The Old City was built in the 16th century by Jan Zamoyski, a wealthy nobleman and the founder of the city. It has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Q: What are some of the notable features of the Old City?

A: The Old City is known for its well-preserved Renaissance architecture, including the magnificent town hall, several churches, and a large number of burgher houses. The city’s fortifications, which include walls, towers, and bastions, are also a notable feature, as they are one of the best-preserved examples of Renaissance military architecture in Europe. Other points of interest include the market square, the city gates, and the many beautiful gardens and parks that are found throughout the city.

Q: When is the best time to visit the Old City of Zamosc?

A: The best time to visit is during the summer months of June through September, when the weather is warm and pleasant, and the city’s many parks and gardens are in full bloom. However, if you are looking to experience the city’s many cultural and historical events, it is recommended to visit during the spring and fall.

Q: What kind of accommodation can be found in Zamosc?

A: There are several accommodation options available in Zamosc, including hotels, guesthouses, and apartments. Many of these options are located within the Old City and are housed in restored historical buildings. Some options can be found also just outside the walls but still in the city.

Q: Are there any tours available of the Old City?

A: Yes, there are many tour operators that offer guided tours of the Old City of Zamosc. These tours typically include visits to the city’s main historical and cultural sites, as well as information about the history and architecture of the city. Some of the tour also include the region of Zamość. The tours can be done on foot or by car depending on the company and package you choose

Q: Are there any nearby attractions?

A: Yes, there are many nearby attractions to the Old City, including:

  • The Solska Forest, a beautiful nature reserve with hiking trails and an observation tower
  • The Zamoyski Museum, which is located in the city’s palace and showcases the history and culture of the region
  • The St. John the Baptist Church, a beautiful baroque church located on the edge of the Old City.
  • Lubań, a small charming town close by, known for the traditional wooden houses and the nature around.
  • The Bieszczady Mountains and the Biebrza National Park are also located not far from the city, and offer great opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and wildlife watching.

Muskauer Park

Muskauer

Muskauer Park – updated 10 January 2023.

Muskauer Park (also known as “Muzakowski Park Narodowy” in Polish) is a large park that straddles the border between Germany and Poland. It is located in the Lower Lusatia region of Germany, and the Lubuskie province of Poland. The park was designed in the mid-19th century by the German landscape architect, Peter Joseph Lenné, and was later expanded and refined by his student, Hermann von Pückler-Muskau.

The park is the largest and one of the most famous English gardens in Central Europe, stretching along both sides of the German and Polish border. It was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites on 2nd July 2004. The park also stands as one of Poland’s official Historic Monuments, as designated 1st May 2004, and tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland.

Muskauer Park

Schloss Muskau

The park is known for its picturesque landscapes, which include rolling hills, lakes, and rivers. It also features a wide variety of plant life, including both native and exotic species. There are several historic buildings located within the park, including the Muskau Castle, which is a restored 18th-century palace that now serves as a hotel and restaurant.

The largest proportion of the park is located in Poland (3.5 sq km) with the remaining 2.1 sq km within Germany.

Muskauer Park

Park on Terraces

The castle (Schloss) is situated on the German side of the park, the heart of the park called the. ‘Park on Terraces’ is located within Poland. In 2003 a pedestrian bridge spanning the Neisse was rebuilt to connect both parts.

Muskauer was designed to blend seamlessly with the surrounding farmed landscape, and it pioneered new approaches to landscape design and contributed to the advancement of landscape architecture as a discipline.

Unlike many landscaped parks in Europe, the objective of the park design was to use local plants to enhance the qualities of the existing landscape and to integrate the local town as part of the development using green passages that formed urban parks. It is an example of a cultural landscape in which the site’s natural attributes have been harnessed with the utmost skill and includes a reconstructed castle, bridges, an arboretum, the river Neisse, water features, buildings, forested areas and paths.

Muskauer Park

Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau

Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau was the definition of a cad who famously married an older and very rich woman to raise funds for the development of the park, only to formally divorce her a few years later to look for another fortune to finance the garden’s maintenance. In the mid-1840s, the prince sold the park to Prince Frederik of the Netherlands to avoid bankruptcy.

The park receives thousands of visitors every year, and is popular among tourists, hikers, and nature enthusiasts. It’s a great place to relax and enjoy nature, as well as learn about the history and culture of the region.

FAQ

Here are some frequently asked questions about Muskauer Park:

Q: What is the history of the park?

A: The park was created in the 19th century by Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, a German nobleman and landscape architect, who transformed a hunting ground into a romantic landscape park with a variety of architectural and landscape features. The park was designed to be an idealized representation of nature, with winding paths, scenic lakes, and diverse flora and fauna. The Park is considered one of the most important English-style parks in Europe. After WWII the park was divided between Poland and Germany, but recently both countries agreed on cross-border cooperation and the park is being restored to it’s former glory.

Q: What kind of features can be seen in Muskauer Park?

A: The park features a variety of architectural and landscape features, including winding paths, scenic lakes, picturesque bridges, and diverse flora and fauna. Visitors can also see historic buildings such as the Chinese teahouse, a Gothic Revival castle, a large hunting lodge and the main palace of Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau which was re-built as an art center. The park is also home to a variety of different plant species, including deciduous and coniferous trees, as well as a rich variety of birds and other wildlife.

Q: Is the park a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

A: Yes, the park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, added to the list in 2004, as part of the “Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski”

Q: What can be seen there?

A: Visitors to the park can see the picturesque landscapes, historic buildings, and natural beauty of the park, as well as learn about its history and cultural heritage. There are many trails for walking, cycling and horse-riding, the park is also a popular spot for bird-watching, fishing and other nature activities. Visitors can also take guided tours or attend some of the cultural events that are regularly held in the park.

Q: How to get there?

A: Muskauer is located in the border of Poland and Germany, in the region of Lower Silesia. The nearest major city is Görlitz in Germany, but it can also be reached by car or public transport from other cities like Wrocław, Legnica or Zgorzelec.

Q: What is the best time to visit Muskauer?

A: The best time to visit the park would depend on your personal preferences. The park is open year-round and it can be enjoyed in any season, but the most pleasant time to visit would be in the warmer months when the weather is more favorable, and the nature is in full bloom. The park is also great to visit in autumn when the leaves change color. The park also hosts some seasonal events, such as concerts and guided tours, which could add to the experience of visiting at a specific time.

Visit the official Muskauer Park website.

Medieval Town of Torun

Torun Medieval Town

Medieval Town of Torun – updated 10 January 2023.

The Medieval Town owes its origins to the Teutonic Order, which built a castle in the town in the mid-13th century as a base for the conquest and evangelisation of Prussia. This acted as a catalyst for the growth, importance and popularity of the town and it soon developed a commercial role as part of the Hanseatic League.

Medieval Town Torun

Nicolaus Copernicus

In the old and new town, the many imposing public and private buildings from the 14th and 15th centuries (among them the house of Nicolaus Copernicus) are striking evidence of Torun’s stature.

Toruń is a remarkably well-preserved example of a medieval European trading and administrative centre. The city was founded in the period when Christianity was being spread through Eastern Europe by the military monks of the Teutonic Order, and when rapid growth in trade between the countries of the Baltic Sea and Eastern Europe was being spurred by the Hanseatic League.

The Medieval Town of Torun is comprised of three elements: the ruins of the Teutonic Castle, the Old Town, and the New Town, all surrounded by a circuit of defensive walls.

The castle

The majority of the castle was destroyed during an uprising in 1454, when the local townspeople revolted against the Teutonic Order. The ruins and the archaeological remains have been excavated and safeguarded.

An exceptionally complete picture of the medieval way of life is illustrated in the original street patterns and early buildings of Toruń. Both the Old Town and the New Town have Gothic parish churches and numerous fine medieval brick townhouses, many of which have retained their original Gothic façades, partition walls, stucco-decorated ceilings, vaulted cellars, and painted decoration.

Medieval Town Torun

Townhouses

Many townhouses in Toruń were used for both residential and commercial purposes. A fine example is the house in which Nicolaus Copernicus was reputedly born in 1473; it has been preserved as a museum devoted to the famous astronomer’s life and achievements.

The townhouses often included storage facilities and remarkable brick granaries, some of which were up to five storeys high. Because so many houses have survived from this period, the medieval plots are for the most part still preserved, delineated by their original brick boundary walls.

Today, the Medieval Town of Torun shares the title of capital city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship with the city of Bydgoszcz. The entire city is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site for being an unusually well-preserved example of a medieval European trading and administrative centre.

The Medieval Town of Torun has benefited from numerous renovation projects in recent years, in particular the Old Town area. Buildings, pavements, streets and squares have been painstakingly reconstructed reversing them to their historic appearance.

FAQ

The Medieval Town of Torun is a historical city located in northern Poland, known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and rich cultural heritage. Here are some frequently asked questions about the Medieval Town of Torun:

Q: What is the history of the Medieval Town?

A: The Medieval Town was founded in the 13th century by the Teutonic Knights, a German medieval Christian military order. It quickly grew in importance as a trade and cultural center, and it was known for its production of textiles, ceramics, and gingerbread. Torun was also an important center of learning, and the famous astronomer Copernicus was born and studied in the city. Torun suffered considerable damage during WWII, but it has been carefully restored to its medieval appearance and is now a popular tourist destination.

Q: What kind of architecture can be seen in the Medieval Town?

A: It is known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, particularly Gothic-style buildings from the 14th and 15th centuries. The city is home to a number of churches, including the Church of the Holy Spirit, which has a beautifully decorated interior and an ornate bell tower. Visitors can also see the town hall, which dates back to the 14th century, as well as the city walls and defensive towers, which have been preserved and restored.

Q: Is the Medieval Town of Torun a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

A: Yes, the Medieval Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, added to the list in 1997.

Q: What can be seen there?

A: Visitors to the Medieval Town can see the well-preserved medieval architecture, and take a stroll through the charming and picturesque streets of the Old Town, which is home to many historical buildings and landmarks. Visitors can also visit the Copernicus Museum, which is dedicated to the life and work of the famous astronomer, and the Gingerbread Museum which showcases the traditional craft of gingerbread-making. There are also many shops, cafes, and restaurants where visitors can try the famous Torun gingerbread and other local specialties.

Q: How to get there?

A: The Medieval Town is located in northern Poland. It can be reached by car, train or by bus. The nearest airport is in Bydgoszcz, which is around 30 km away. There are also regular train and bus connections to Torun from other major cities in Poland.

Q: What is the best time to visit?

A: The best time to visit Medieval Town would depend on your personal preferences. The town is open year-round, but it may be more pleasant to visit during the warmer months when the weather is more favorable. The Medieval Town of Torun also has a number of festivals, events and cultural happenings throughout the year such as the Copernicus Festival, the Gingerbread Festival, and Torun Night of Museums that could be interesting to attend and plan the visit accordingly.

Recommended tour

Treblinka Concentration Camp

What to expect from this tour

Highlights

  • Admire the beauty of Torun and its highlights with your local expert guide
  • Explore town among Medieval sights of the city and listen incredible stories
  • Look around at remains of Teutonic Castle and Defensive City Walls
  • Hear about famous Nicolaus Copernicus, & the Teutonic Knights
  • Enjoy a private tour with only your family and friends

Description

Small, adorable, charming with a big history. All these words perfectly described Torun city. Admire an authentic Old Town city which wasn’t destroyed during the wars. It has one of the most beautiful town squares in all of Europe. As a historic site Torun ranks as high as Cracow or Gdansk. It was even included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List.

Start your 2-hours tour from Theatre of Wilam Horzycy and admire this white and nice building. Next you will see the Planetarium – the unique attraction showing lesson about universe. During this trip you will discover many interesting monuments as John Paul II, Nicolaus Copernicus, the Donkey and more. Look inside fair Church of Holy Spirit. Hear the legend and try to stand upright under the Leaning Tower. Feel the vibe of Market Square and Arthur’s Court. Stop at scenic spot and look at beautiful Vistula River. Then continue to the stunning Cathedral of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist.

To explore the city even better choose 3-hours option and follow guide to discover ruins of Church and Dominican monastery. Walk toward remains of Teutonic Knights – Medieval Defensive City Walls which symbolizes old-time power of knights. Now you can step like one of them. See also a unique and nice construction of Baj Theatre.

In 4-hours option you will also enter fantastic Museum House of Nicolas Copernicus. The exhibitions show his life, his history and achievements. Get familiar with history of the most known astronomer and scientist who change the way of thinking about world. Step into his cosmos world in his authentic house.

Included

  • Private walking tour in Torun led by licensed guide
  • Tickets entrance to Museum House of Nicolaus Copernicus (in 4-hours option)
  • Visit at Cathedral of St. John the Baptist and Evangelist (no admission)
  • Pick up from the hotel (only hotels in Torun Old Town)
  • Tour program adapted to the preferences of the group
  • Tips about local restaurants, patisserie, pubs

Other tours & attractions

Historic Centre of Warsaw

Warsaw Historic Centre

Historic Centre of Warsaw – updated 10 January 2023.

The Historic Centre of Warsaw is the oldest part of the city. The heart of the area is the Old Town Market Place, which is very popular with tourists and contains many restaurants, cafés, bars and shops. Surrounding streets feature medieval architecture such as the city walls, St. John’s Cathedral and the Barbican which links the Old Town with Warsaw New Town.

Historic centre Warsaw

World War II

In excess of 85% of the historic centre of Warsaw was deliberately destroyed during World War II by Nazi Germany. A meticulous restoration of the Old Town took place after the war and this included its important religious buildings, the Royal Castle, Old Town Market, townhouses, and the circuit of the city walls. It is an outstanding example of a near-total reconstruction of a span of history covering the 13th to the 20th century.

Where possible, original bricks and decorative elements found in the rubble were reused during the reconstruction, which was not entirely accurate to pre-war Warsaw but more of a mix between pre-war Warsaw and an earlier period. The objective was to reconstruct but at the same time, try to improve on the original.

Historic centre Warsaw

Old Town Market Place

The 13th century Old Town Market Place was the true heart of the Old Town and until the end of the 18th century it was the heart of all of Warsaw. Prior to the great fire of 1607, the buildings around the square were Gothic in style, after the fire, they were rebuilt in late-Renaissance style.

Castle Square

When approaching the Old Town from the centre of Warsaw, your first view of the reconstructed Old Town is Castle Square, dominated by Zygmunt’s Column, which towers above the beautiful Old Town houses.

Historic centre Warsaw

Royal Castle

Royal Castle Warsaw is an exceptional copy of the original red-brick castle, which was destroyed by the Germans in WWII. The very first version of the castle was actually a wooden stronghold dating back to the 14th century built for the dukes of Mazovia and since then it has been the residence of Polish kings in addition to being the home of the president and also the seat of parliament.

FAQ

Here are some common questions and answers that you might find helpful:

Q: Where is the Historic Centre of Warsaw located?
A: The Historic Centre is located in the heart of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is situated between the Vistula River and the Old Town.

Q: When was the Historic Centre of Warsaw designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: The Historic Centre of Warsaw was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.

Q: What is the history of the Historic Centre of Warsaw?
A: The Historic Centre has a long and complex history. The Old Town, which is a part of the Historic Centre, is one of the most well-preserved examples of medieval architecture in Europe. The Old Town was almost entirely destroyed during World War II but was rebuilt in the 1950s and 1960s to resemble its pre-war appearance. The Royal Castle, which sits on the Castle Square, is one of the most important buildings in the Historic Centre of Warsaw, and it served as the residence of Polish kings. The Old Town Market Place, surrounded by burgher houses, merchants’ tenements and the city walls is a heart of the Old Town.

Q: What can I see on a visit to the Historic Centre of Warsaw?
A: Visitors can explore the charming streets and squares of the Old Town, admire the many beautiful buildings and churches, and visit museums and galleries. Some of the must-see sites include the Royal Castle, the Old Town Market Place, St. John’s Cathedral, the Barbican, the Royal Route and the Warsaw Rising Museum. Visitors can also take a stroll along the Royal Route, which is a historical and architectural route that connects the Royal Castle with the Wilanowski Palace.

Q: Is the Historic Centre of Warsaw open to visitors?
A: The Historic Centre is open to visitors year-round, but please check the official website for current opening hours and any potential restrictions.

Q: How long does a visit to the Historic Centre of Warsaw last?
A: A visit can last anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on how much you want to see and do.

Q: Are there any special requirements to visit the Historic Centre of Warsaw?
A: There are no special requirements to visit the Historic Centre, but visitors should be aware that many of the buildings and museums have limited accessibility for people with disabilities.

Q: Are there any other things to do in the area?
A: Warsaw is a vibrant and culturally rich city with many things to see and do beyond the Historic Centre. Some popular attractions include the Lazienki Park, the Chopin Museum, the Warsaw Uprising Museum, the National Museum, and the Wilanowski Palace. The city also has a vibrant nightlife and delicious cuisine, with many great restaurants and bars to choose from.

Warsaw Tours & Experiences

Historic Centre of Krakow

Krakow Historic Centre

Historic Centre of Krakow – updated 10 January 2023.

The historic centre of Krakow has been featured on UNESCO’s World Heritage List since 1978. Packed full of restaurants, museums, galleries and bars, the medieval layout of the Old Town has not changed for centuries.

Main market square

The heart and focal point of the historic centre of Krakow is its graceful main market square, the largest medieval town square of any European city.

Most visitors to Krakow visit the market square with its Cloth Hall, the Church of the Holy Mary, Wawel Hill and its Royal Castle, Wawel Cathedral with its outstanding Renaissance chapel, the Barbican and St. Florian’s Gate.

Historic Centre of Krakow

Wawel Royal Castle

Wawel Royal Castle and the limestone Wawel Hill are extremely important historical and cultural sites containing one of the most important collection of buildings in Poland. Wawel was once the seat of Polish rulers, the residence of kings and the focal point of many Polish historical events. The hill is a symbol of the Polish nation and has witnessed some of the greatest moments in Polish history. Many Polish kings have been laid to rest below Wawel Cathedral.

Historic Centre of Krakow

Jewish quarter

The Jewish quarter of Kazimierz features a wealth of Jewish heritage with its 16th century cemetery and seven synagogues of which one is now the Jewish Museum.

The historic centre of Krakow was once surrounded by a 3km long defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances. Today only a fragment of the old fortifications remains including the Florian Gate, the Barbican and a few towers.

Underground Museum

Beneath the city of Krakow and housed within the underground corridors of the market square, you will find a museum, which showcases how the city looked and felt during the Middle Ages complete with stone roads with potholes made by cartwheels during the 13th century.

Historic Centre of Krakow

Royal Road

The historic centre of Krakow is bisected by the Royal Road, the coronation route traversed by the Kings of Poland. The Route begins at St. Florian's Church outside the northern flank of the old city walls in the medieval suburb of Kleparz; passes the Barbican of Krakow built in 1499 and enters Stare Miasto through the Florian Gate. It leads down Floriańska Street through the Main Square, and up Grodzka to Wawel, the former seat of Polish royalty overlooking the Vistula River.

FAQ

Here are some common questions and answers that you might find helpful:

Q: Where is the Historic Centre of Krakow located?
A: The Historic Centre is located in the heart of the city of Krakow, Poland, surrounded by the Planty Park, which is a ring of public gardens that encircles the Old Town.

Q: When was the Historic Centre of Krakow designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978.

Q: What is the history of the Historic Centre of Krakow?
A: The Historic Centre is a well-preserved example of a medieval European town. The city played an important role in the development of the Polish state, and many of its buildings have survived from the Middle Ages. The Main Market Square is the largest medieval market square in Europe and features the Gothic St. Mary's Basilica, the Cloth Hall and the Town Hall Tower. The Wawel Castle and the Wawel Cathedral, which sit on the Wawel Hill, are also iconic landmarks of the Historic Centre of Krakow.

Q: What can I see on a visit to the Historic Centre of Krakow?
A: Visitors can explore the charming streets and squares of the Old Town, admire the many beautiful buildings and churches, and visit museums and galleries. Some of the must-see sites include the Main Market Square, Wawel Castle and Wawel Cathedral, St. Mary's Basilica, the Cloth Hall, and the Town Hall Tower. You can also take a stroll along the Royal Route, which is a historical and architectural route that connect the Wawel Castle and the Main Market Square.

Q: Is the Historic Centre of Krakow open to visitors?
A: It is open to visitors year-round, but please check the official website for current opening hours and any potential restrictions.

Q: How long does a visit to the Historic Centre of Krakow last?
A: A visit to the Historic Centre can last anywhere from a few hours to several days, depending on how much you want to see and do.

Q: Are there any special requirements to visit the Historic Centre of Krakow?
A: There are no special requirements to visit the Historic Centre, but visitors should be aware that many of the buildings and museums have limited accessibility for people with disabilities.

Q: Are there any other things to do in the area?
A: Krakow is a vibrant and culturally rich city with many things to see and do beyond the Historic Centre. Some popular attractions include the Jagiellonian University, the Kazimierz district (historical Jewish Quarter), the Oskar Schindler Factory Museum and the Wieliczka Salt Mine, which are all nearby.

Krakow Old Town Tours & Experiences